Eeuwenlang, loodsoldeer dat grotendeels is gemaakt met tin en loodlegeringen, wordt veel gebruikt vanwege het lage smeltpunt. niettemin, health and environmental concerns have shifted the industry to non-lead-based products. The drive for this shift has been orchestrated by regulations like RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances), particularly in the European market, to reduce hazardous content in electronic gadgets. In deze blog, we will explore the key differences in the debate of lead solder vs. lead-free solder, examining their properties, voordelen, to help you make an informed decision for your next project.
Lead solder has been the workhorse of elektronica montage throughout the many decades. This is mainly made of tin and lead, although tin is present in larger proportions than lead in most cases, typically accounting for 60% of the alloy while lead will be 40%. It has several advantages such as low melting point, goedkoop, and easy to use. Echter, lead is poisonous, this hazardous substance has many negative aspects for the human health of persons working with it. It also pollutes the soil and water, thus making the disposal of such products containing lead a big issue.
The attempts to use lead-free solder are mainly due to the impacts it has on human health as well as the environment. Lead-free solders contain tin and may have additions of silver (Ag), koper (Cu), and/or bismuth (Bi). Soldering materials containing no lead adheres to global legal frameworks, namely RoHS, reducing health hazards to workers and consumers. They have limitations such as high melting point as well as matters concerning reliability.
Eigendom | Lead Solder (Sn-Pb) | Loodvrije soldeer |
Melting Point | Lager (183°C for Sn63/Pb37) | Higher (217-227°C for common alloys) |
Electrical Conductivity | Slightly better | Slightly lower |
Mechanische kracht | More ductile | Less ductile, more brittle |
Reliability and Durability | More forgiving to stress and fatigue | Requires careful design and testing |
Wetting Capabilities | Superior | Poorer wetting properties |
Tin Whisker Growth | Lower risk | Higher risk, depending on alloy |
Environmental Impact | High toxicity due to lead content | Lower toxicity, but some constituents may be hazardous |
Kosten | Generally lower | Generally higher |
Health Concerns | Toxic, poses health risks | Safer, no lead contamination |
Warmtegeleiding | 50 (W / m) * 1 k * 1 s | 73(W / m) * 1 k * 1 s |
Now that we understand the advantages and disadvantages of lead solder and lead-free solder, the question arises: which one should you choose? There are a number of things that are required to consider before making the final decision.
If your government banned the use of lead, or if the products that you are developing will be sold in European countries that follow the RoHS directive, there really is no other way to go but to use lead-free solder.
The requirements of your project can play a significant role in defining what type of solder you plan on utilizing. Bijvoorbeeld, ruimtevaart, avionic and medical electronics shall continue to prefer lead solder. It has been well tested and proven to maintain high reliability even in the harshest environment. While consumer products with no much concern on reliability will compromise on lead-free solders to comply with regulations.
Lead solder may pose some issues of compatibility with existing equipment. For lead-free solder, it is necessary to upgrade machines with high working temperatures, including Lead solder may pose some issues of compatibility with existing equipment.
Although lead solder is relatively cheaper, the total expenses taking other factors into consideration including health risks, penalties for breaking lead-free laws, and the cost of changing over to lead-free products must also be taken into consideration.
Durability of solder joints is a significant factor in the long-term success of the product. It is also important in the product that will experience harsh environmental conditions. Lead-free solder joints may be more sensitive than lead-bearing joints and may demand other tests and quality control.
Lead solder has been used throughout the years because of its dependability and relative simplicity. Echter, lead-free solder is slowly taking its place because of environmental concerns and least health hazardous implications. Tot slot, while lead-bearing solder has been found to have high reliability compared to lead-free solder, the future trends in the electronics industry will be characterized by environmentally safe solders. The decision of whether to continue using lead-bearing solder or switch to lead-free solder will vary from project to project due to constraints such as the existing standards, and cost versus reliability.
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